Analyzing Administration of Secondary School in Enugu Urban

ANALYZING ADMINISTRATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOL IN ENUGU URBAN

Man thirsts for knowledge in order to be in a better position to tackle his personal problems  to palm to discover more knowledge to invents new and dynamic techniques and new ways of interpreting the diverse phenomena which as tonosh him in the world.  According to Okeke (1986: 139) “ the single most  important product any society has is the child and this child stands at its cross roads when it attains the age to enter secondary school.  What happens to him at this stage leaves  an indelible mark is his life. The way education is organized and administered at this   level  is therefore critically important for the way the adolescent grows behaves and acquires the necessary value and skills for an ordered and function life”

This implies that secondary school administration is a crucial issue to be taken serious if our future generation are to acquire the necessary value and skill for an order and functional life. Anything that will affect its smooth operation should be tackled with every amount of sinuousness

  • THE PROBLEM & PROSPECTS OF EFFECTIVE ADMINISTRATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS

The administration of secondary school is not an easy one.  A lot is required in terms of finance school resource etc.  for it to function effectively and efficiently.  But these requirement are hardly met and as such things are not moving as it is expected.

In view of the above and for more comprehensive and precise study the researcher divided to sum up ht problems and prospects into four which includes finance and salary school resources staff  and student attitude towards teaching and learning and community school relation the role of government a the administration of secondary school.

FINANCE SALARY AND MOTIVATION

In a money economy such  as ours the service of personnel the building equipment physical factors suppliers and all other items necessary for the  operation of the school system must be paid for.

No organization can sufficiently survive to carry out its financial duties without adequate fund at its disposal

Ezeocha (1985:121) indicated that for an organization or society to function very well it must be financially viable this is because finance is required for the establishment of infrastructure equipment salaries etc.  to operate any system o project without adequate finance is quite an up-hill task which could lead to either no-accomplishment or frustration the job

Financial provision is very   important in education because with it the head of schools can transform their schools into real educational resource to attract the teachers and have resources material such as teaching aids well equipped libraries laboratories and good classroom.  But according to Ezeocha (1986:6) laboratories of our schools are poorly equipped poorly accommodated and poorly maintained.

Finance is completely the most important for any educational system it provides the essential purchasing power with which education acquires its human and material resources with very insignificant budget education can be helpless student suffer from poor feeling as a result of inadequate financial  provision by the state government. Student learn under the worst learning condition.  This in itself is enough to yield negative result in the performance of student during examinations. This is because increased educational financial provision generally result in improved quality of education (Ibeabuch 1978:146)

No plan can be effectively carried out without finance.  Many a times activities are curtailed because of inadvisability of finance.  Finance is an inducement for individuals to accept employment a compensation for service and a  reward for contribution (Onwuka 1985) since job satisfaction enhance co-operation money or salary which is a direct determinant of job satisfaction also enhance co-operation (Okeke 1976.124) principal of post  primary institutions require the essential ingredient to develop good school with high academically qualified teachers in the right number maintain the plan and to keep the service going. This essential ingredients include money supporting this in his view Ibeabuchi (1978) maintained that  studies that use appropriate measures for determining progress in attaining significant educational objectives this indicate clearly that expenditure almost always result in improvement  in educational programme in the school in which expenditure level is at or above the national average.

 

SCHOOL RESOURCES

The resource available for the schools are not adequate in supply and school cannot function effectively and efficiently without adequate school resources.

Ogbuabor (1992) in his book said school require adequate classroom blocks laboratories libraries teachers quarters dormitories, work shops and a lot of other infrastructure facilities that make for a rich environment  for effective teaching and  learning.  In most schools student learn under tree shade  most schools do not have laboratories and libraries the ones that have they are not well equip.

Another pressing problem is the recruitment of ineffective and inefficient personnel most administrations are not qualified for the job this they do not posses the managerial skill.  No discussion of organization resources would be compete without mentioning management skills perhaps the primary determinant of how effective and efficient managers will/be according to an article by Daniel V Katz “managerial success depends primary on performance rather than personality taints Katz also state that managers ability to perform is as a result of the managerial skill they posses Nwike (1992:7) if principal and administrations have necessary management skills they will probably perform will and be relatively successful.  On the other hand if principal and administrators do not have necessary management skill  they will probably perform poorly and relatively unsuccessful.  Katz therefore  indicated that the  three primary skills are important for successful management performance technical conceptual and human skills.

In support of the above statement Ezeocha (1985:7) state that “the number of qualified staff is a problem of our schools system.  He went further to say that the presence of non-qualified teachers is a problems in the schools because such teachers even if they possess the  actual   knowledge required are often not trained in the methodology area and skill which trained teachers posses moreover Ezeoach (1989) panted out that most principals do not have assistant principal and apart from the strain it would put on them it also constitute a school in the wheel of effective organization and communication.

Cases of lack of office personnel typist clerk messengers also abound in our school.  Staff also constitute a problem area of their own.  Ezeocha concluded by saying that no organizaiton can function properly without adequate staffing.  Adequate staffing without adequate infrastructure facilities will make the achievement of the secondary school aim and objective impossible

Fro teachers to perform effectively, there must be enough classroom blocks desks tables and chairs etc.

Inadequate provision of infrastructure facilities limit the effectiveness of the teachers performance.  Supporting the view above Blood-filled (1964) pointed out that teacher in general want to make learning interesting and meaningful and that they are concerned with tools which are available  to help them perform their job satisfactorily if a teacher lack these vital material not only is it s source of frustration and annoyance but also meaning less teaching result.  According to Ogbuabor (1992:78) the problem system is escalated by the our school system for mass education amongst the populace Ezeocha (1990) stated that lack of classroom accommodation in many Nigeria secondary school force the teacher teach under unhealthy condition and  environment Community- school relation

 

No school management can function effectively without the help and support of the community is which it is activated Ezeocha (1985) indicated that the school if it is to use the environment  of the child cannot function effective is isolation from the  community of which it is an integral part.

According to Ogbuabor (1992:20) “the principal cannot operate or run a school community neither should be formulate his policy of administration solely with the idea of carrying local favour” the society own the child and therefore both the school management and the community must work hind in hand if success is to achieved according to Ezeocha (1985:121) teachers are always in red to the parents by the children for whom they are both responsible.

Supporting this Ogbuabor (1992) pants out that the school is a part the organization of the community and the community is there to promote the progress of the school.

Though it may not be so easy for according to Ozigi (1980:7) “ the principal may someone smart with difficult is his effort to develop satisfactory school community relationship he may be confronted with problems of local politics for example”. But the administrator can assist to improve the staff community relationship for better understanding through different ways (nwankwo 1996) Denga (  1975) indicated that the principal can help to improve the social studies can help to improve the social studies of teachers in the community by indicting  the school community programmes in which teachers can contribute effectively to the enhancement of their position in the society

This can be achieved to the parent teacher association (PTA) this is a medium or the easiest means of communication or interaction between the school and the community

The duties of the PTA in secondary school administration is to provide on effective link between the home and the school also give moral and financial support to the school.

 

ATTITUDES OF TEACHER AND STUDENTS TOWARDS TEACHING AND LEARNING

The success or efficiency of any secondary school depend on the degree of co-operation existing in the school. Ezeocha (1990) indicated that co-operation is the act of operating or working jointly with one another in all facets of administration process the key note is co-operation.

The tools of democratic approach are usually consultation and  discussion consultation requires people a final declaration of policy decision are made

The attitude of teachers towards teaching and learning is very much affected by the extent to which the teachers are motivated.  Teachers especially secondary school teachers are poorly motivated and this accounts for the negative attitude of teaching profession has fallen. The teachers social studies has declined to the lowest ebb.  They are saddled with blames for the low standard of education low standard and laziness salaries (1964) pointed out he Nigeria public through the agency of the newspaper constantly refer to the fact that teachers these days pay more attention to their private business than the teaching for which they are paid

 

2.2                   COMPETENCIES NEEDED FOR EFFECTIVE ADMINISTRATION OF THE SECONDARY SCHOOLS

In this filed of education the most influential work on leadership has been that of Kurt Lewin and his association published in the   late thirties and early forties Hppit (1937) Lewin Lippitt and white (1939). The these studies four similar boys club were subjected to three styles of adult control authoritarian democratic and lasses faire the democratic regime produced  the greatest satisfaction with club activities the early studies were not good ones. The when design does not allow for the possibility that leaders effectiveness might profitably be varied to meet the demand for different situations the authoritarian not only differed from the democratic in that if placed more emphasis on getting things done than on has relationship with the boys but he also presented the task quote differently where as the democratic group choose the task themselves the authoritarian group and their task thrust upon them its manner of execution dictated in step by step  although lewins result might have been accepted sometimes subsequent inquiries have failed to demonstrate any consistent relationship between democratic leadership and group productivity or moral (Davey 1969:185)

Gibb (1989) in his review of leadership studies suggested that under certain conditions the authoritarian style might have favourable result Anderson (1963) reviewed  thirty two studies of teacher centered and  learner centered group but failed to find any evidence that either authoritarian or democratic leadership was consistently associated with high productivity Anderson pointed out poor research design and over reliance on studies of Lewon and his association have been the factor responsible for this confusing state affairs.

It would appear that in order to understand how leadership effectiveness is related to achievement, new avenues must be explored. Resent leadership models usually deal with several possible leadership effectiveness competencies needed but declaim the ideal that one style is best in all situation. All these indicate that there are behaviors characteristic that can account for leadership effectiveness.

 

  • PROCESSES TO BE FOLLOWED FOE EFFECTIVE ADMINISTRATION OF SECONDARY

According to Hppitt (1984) for effective administration of secondary school, some necessary steps have to be taken.

Firstly proper finding should be done for effective administration of secondary school. Building can be erected which includes laboratories, classrooms and halls. This will go along way in enhancing the assimilative of knowledge by students.

Secondary the area of motivation. It will go a long way in enhancing the association of knowledge by students.

Secondly the area of motivation it will go a long way in enhancing teachers give their best in their endeavours to teaching students. According to Hertzbery (1990) motivation brings out the best in an individual an individual has to be motivated fully for effectiveness and efficiency.

Thirdly parents and guardians have an important role to play in the administrative of secondary school. They should show interest in the running of the school.  Equally parents should endeavor to access the pros and cons in the administration of the school have bringing about the objective of training the students to be mentally sound and intellectual minded

2.4                   ABOLITION OF SUBSTANDARD SECONDARY SCHOOLS

The area of about ion of substandard secondary school is a welcome development   in the administration of secondary school

According to Ezeogu (1980) substandard establishment bring about substandard products.  Hence once the secondary school  are not up to the standard they should be abolished or scrapped to avoid producing half baked individuals

According to Nelson Own 1969 secondary school in development nations are a shadow of themselves they are net meeting up to expectations and hence students become negligent of the world around them secondary school play a very important part in the enlightenment and direction of students hence a proper way of achieving this is by abolishing the secondary school that do not meet up the necessary criteria

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